Abstract:
Processes in the industrial sector account for about 30% of global primary energy consumption, with as much as 20–50% of this energy being lost to the environment as waste heat. With a significant share of this thermal energy being recoverable and reusable through Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS), there is ample room for improvement in terms of efficiency, operational cost savings, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents an empirical study on designing and optimization of not only a WHRS which is implemented at a medium scale cement production plant in Madhya Pradesh, India. We develop a thermodynamic model, conduct experimental measurements and then utilize multi-objective optimization techniques to assess the performance of an ORC-based recovery unit with a shell-and-tube heat exchanger network. Over a six-month period of operation (January–June 2025), field data were obtained from five process streams: kiln exhaust, clinker cooler air, and preheater off gases. To carry out the optimization of working fluid selection, evaporator pressure and mass flow using RSM with GA. The results show that, the optimized WHRS achieves 18.7% thermal efficiency with about 4.82 MW electrical power recovered and 14.3% reduced specific energy consumption. Payback was projected at 3.6 years, with annual CO₂ emissions reduced by 28,400 tonnes. Comparison with earlier studies provides a reassurance of the findings that the choice of working fluid (R245fa outperforming both R134a and toluene for the set boundary conditions) and evaporator pressure were also found to be most crucial parameters regulating system outputs. It offers actionable design guidelines for industrial practitioners while also providing empirical evidence in favor of WHRS deployment within energy-intensive sectors of developing economies.
Area: Department of Engineering
Author: Bhagywan verma1, Dr. Rajesh Kumar2
DOI: MJAP/05/0424
Abstract:
For civil infrastructure managers worldwide, the structural integrity of steel and concrete bridges is a critical concern. Fatigue life and deterioration rates have become crucial in determining maintenance schedules, especially with monitors for aging bridge networks and hundreds of thousands of bridges across the United States being rapidly overloaded. Although traditional empirical methods and physics-based models are cornerstones in the degradation mechanism modeling, they struggle with effectively capturing the complex nonlinear nature of deterioration for real-world bridge structures. For the last twenty years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have provided revolutionary data-driven high-fidelity predictive capabilities that are complementary to and often surpass traditional approaches. This review paper is a meta-analysis of the studies available in existing literature on predicting fatigue life and deterioration of bridge infrastructure using ML approaches such as artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine(s) (SVM), random forests (RF), gradient boosting methods(GBM, XGBoost, Light GBM)), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and physics-informed neural networks(PINN). This review (n = 30 studies from 2005–2024) systematically evaluates methodology, data-set characteristics, predictive accuracy and practical deployment barriers. They demonstrate that, when used alone on their own, single-algorithm approaches are outperformed consistently by both ensemble learning and deep learning models achieving MAE reductions as high as 35% compared to regression baselines. Important shortcomings include limited bridge typology generalization, minimal real-world sensor deployment and no standard benchmark datasets. The paper ends with directions for future research towards hybrid physics-ML frameworks, federated learning for distributed monitoring networks, and explainable AI (XAI) to garner engineer trust in decision support.
Area: Department of Engineering
Author: TVS Ramanjaneyulu1, Dr. Ananda Babu Kurakula2
DOI: MJAP/05/0423
Abstract:
The English adult social care landscape has progressively decentralized through the Care Act 2014, expanding personal budgets and direct payments and creating space for very small, community-based "micro" providers alongside conventional larger providers (Department of Health, 2014). This study compares regulation-led and flexibility-led micro-care models within this decentralized system to assess how their different balances of compliance and adaptability shape access, personalisation, workforce stability, and value for money. Drawing on a structured secondary analysis of 2024–2025 administrative datasets from the Care Quality Commission, Skills for Care, the Department of Health and Social Care, and the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services, the study triangulates provider counts, ratings, vacancy and turnover rates, expenditure, and client-level data across England (Care Quality Commission, 2025; Skills for Care, 2025). The hypothesis was that flexibility-oriented micro-providers achieve stronger personalisation outcomes while regulation-oriented providers show stronger compliance signals. Findings show that micro-providers deliver more tailored support and lower hourly costs, while regulated medium and large providers dominate capacity and inspection coverage. The paper concludes that hybrid commissioning that protects flexibility within proportionate regulation is the most viable pathway for sustainable decentralized care.
Area: Department of Health & Social Care
Author: Jason Robert Watmore
DOI: MJAP/05/0422
Abstract:
The contemporary business landscape, marked by digital disruption, climate imperatives, and accelerating AI adoption, has placed strategic leadership at the centre of organisational transformation across industries. This study examines how strategic leadership practices drive organisational performance, foster innovation, and enable sustainable growth in cross-sectoral contexts, with a particular lens on Indian and global firms during 2020–2025. The objectives are to assess the influence of strategic leadership on transformation outcomes and to identify enablers of innovation-led sustainable growth. The methodology adopts a descriptive-analytical research design, integrating secondary data from PwC Global CEO Surveys, McKinsey Global Surveys, the WIPO Global Innovation Index, and peer-reviewed studies, supplemented by a structured review of 27 empirical articles. The hypothesis posits a significant positive association between strategic leadership and transformation performance. Results indicate that 63% of CEOs globally have repositioned value-creation; firms led by digitally savvy executives are 50% more likely to meet transformation targets; and India's GII rank rose from 81 (2015) to 39 (2024). The discussion situates these findings within dynamic capability and upper-echelon perspectives, concluding that strategic leadership is an indispensable lever for sustainable, innovation-driven competitiveness.
Area: Strategic Management and Leadership
Author: Pratima Joy
DOI: MJAP/05/0421
Abstract:
Lubricating oil degradation represents one of the foremost contributors to premature machinery failure in industrial systems. This study investigates the physicochemical and tribological mechanisms underlying oil degradation and applies root cause analysis (RCA) to enhance machinery reliability. The objectives were to quantify oil quality deterioration through kinematic viscosity, total acid number (TAN), total base number (TBN), and wear metal concentrations, and to identify the primary root causes of lubrication-related machinery failures. A systematic secondary data analysis design was employed, integrating peer-reviewed field studies and laboratory investigations published between 2019 and 2025. The hypothesis posits that progressive oil degradation driven by oxidation, thermal stress, additive depletion, and contamination is the principal root cause of unplanned machinery downtime. Results reveal that friction increases up to 9% while wear rates surge over 420% within a 20,000 km service cycle; iron concentrations average 23.72 ppm across diesel engine fleets; and AI-based predictive monitoring systems achieve 96.67% fault detection accuracy. These findings collectively support the adoption of condition-based maintenance frameworks for improved reliability engineering.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Karunanithi Thanaraj
DOI: MJAP/05/0420
Abstract:
The rapid proliferation of digital technology has demon-kissed a new type of crime roughly dubbed cybercrime of late. The requirement to identify, seize, manage, and present digital evidence in the investigation of such offences presents legal, technical, and logistical challenges that are systematically different from other traditional evidential objects. In this paper, we refer to the digital evidence stemming from cybercrime investigations and discuss its admissibility under existing legal regimes. The main aims are to examine the legal criteria for digital evidence in different jurisdictions, and to assess the technical and procedural mechanisms that safeguard its forensic soundness. A doctrinal and analytical approach is applied, with references to statutory provisions, judicial pronouncements with due regard to international conventions and academic writings. The findings demonstrate the great degree of variation between legal standards, jurisdictional overreach, and the consistent difficulty of keeping chain of custody in digital forensic workflows. The dialogue addresses the challenges that such growth creates for lawmakers. Harmonised legal frameworks, standardised forensic procedures, and enhanced international cooperation are crucial for the successful prosecution of cybercrimes, the paper concludes.
Area: Institute of Legal Studies
Author: Suneeta Rathore1, Prof (Dr.) Aryendu Dwivedi2
DOI: MJAP/05/0419
Abstract:
The rapid expansion of digital infrastructure has significantly amplified exposure to cybercrime globally and in India. This study examines the nature of cybercrime, its typology, and its multidimensional impact financial, psychological, and social on victims in the contemporary digital era. The primary objectives are to analyze the evolving patterns and typology of cybercrime victimization and to assess its consequences on individual victims beyond financial harm. A secondary data analysis design was employed, drawing on official data from India's National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB, 2023), the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3, 2023), and peer-reviewed literature. The hypothesis posited that cybercrime victimization causes significant harm across financial, psychological, and social dimensions simultaneously. Results confirm that India registered 86,420 cybercrime cases in 2023 a 31% increase over 2022 while global financial losses exceeded USD 12.5 billion in the same year. Victims experience severe emotional distress, loss of digital trust, and social stigma. The study concludes that victim-centric policy frameworks, dedicated legal infrastructure, and digital literacy initiatives are urgently required to address the escalating cybercrime threat.
Area: Department of Law
Author: Sahil Yadav1, Dr. Patilshwetali Sanjay2
DOI: MJAP/05/0418
Abstract:
The interpretation of genetic variants in complex diseases remains a major challenge in contemporary precision medicine, with a substantial proportion of individuals remaining undiagnosed despite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS). Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS) continue to constitute nearly 50% of submitted variants in databases such as ClinVar, representing a persistent diagnostic gap. This study investigates the integrated application of the Tab-Separated Values (TSV) filter tool within bioinformatics pipelines and Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) to reduce variant ambiguity and improve diagnostic outcomes in complex diseases. We hypothesize that combined deployment of TSV-based variant filtering with PRS risk stratification will significantly improve variant classification accuracy and decrease the proportion of unresolved VUS. Using a systematic analysis design with data drawn from multiple population cohorts including the UK Biobank, PRSKB, and ClinVar repositories, we evaluate diagnostic yields, AUC performance metrics, and reclassification rates. Results demonstrate that PRS-integrated pipelines improve AUC values across major complex diseases, and TSV filter application reduces false-positive variant calls. These findings support the clinical integration of PRS and structured variant filtration as complementary strategies to close the diagnostic gap in complex polygenic disorders.
Area: Department of Health Science
Author: Nuria Jiménez Nieto
DOI: MJAP/05/0417
Abstract:
Power quality degradation in modern distribution networks poses significant challenges due to increased penetration of nonlinear loads, renewable energy sources, and power electronic devices. This research investigates intelligent control-based strategies including Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic Controllers, and hybrid optimization algorithms integrated with custom power devices such as STATCOM, D-STATCOM, DVR, and UPQC to enhance power quality parameters. The study hypothesizes that intelligent controllers outperform conventional PI controllers in mitigating voltage sags, harmonics, and reactive power issues. Utilizing IEEE 33-bus test system simulations and real-time data analysis, results demonstrate that UPQC with intelligent control reduces Total Harmonic Distortion from 33.26% to 3.11%, voltage sags by 95-100%, and improves voltage stability indices by 92-98%. STATCOM with neural network control achieves THD reduction from 16.25% to 1.62%. The findings establish that intelligent control strategies significantly enhance distribution network reliability, power quality compliance with IEEE 519-1992 standards, and operational efficiency, making them essential for sustainable smart grid development.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Anita Saway1, Raghvendra Singh Thakur2
DOI: MJAP/05/0416
Abstract:
The present study investigates the combined influence of parental involvement and school environment on the quality of primary education in India, with particular emphasis on policy frameworks and ground-level practices. The primary objectives are to examine the extent to which parental engagement and institutional infrastructure determine learning outcomes at the primary level, and to assess the alignment between national education policies and actual school-level implementation. A descriptive-analytical research methodology was adopted, drawing upon secondary data from nationally representative surveys, including the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 and the Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2024–25. The study hypothesizes that higher levels of parental involvement, coupled with an improved school environment, significantly contribute to enhanced foundational literacy and numeracy outcomes among primary-age children. The results reveal that while India has achieved near-universal enrollment at the primary level (98.1%), critical gaps persist in foundational learning, school infrastructure, and meaningful parental participation. Student attendance in government primary schools increased from 72.4% in 2018 to 75.9% in 2024, and school infrastructure indicators such as drinking water availability (99.3%) and electricity access (93.6%) showed marked improvement. However, only 23.4% of Standard III children could read Standard II-level text, indicating persistent quality challenges. The discussion highlights that policy interventions like NEP 2020 and NIPUN Bharat have created enabling frameworks, yet their translation into practice remains uneven. The study concludes that systemic integration of parental engagement strategies within school governance, combined with sustained infrastructure investment, is essential for realizing quality primary education across India.
Area: Department of Education
Author: Dr. Prakash Bhimrao Hedaoo
DOI: MJAP/05/0415
Abstract:
The growing complexity of modern interconnected power systems has intensified the challenge of damping low-frequency oscillations, necessitating intelligent coordination between Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Synchronous Series Compensators (SSSC). This paper presents an empirical investigation into the intelligent optimization of coordinated PSS–SSSC controller parameters using the Firefly Algorithm (FA). The primary objectives are to optimize PSS–SSSC controller parameters for enhanced oscillation damping and to evaluate FA's superiority over conventional metaheuristic approaches. A simulation-based methodology was adopted using the IEEE two-area four-machine benchmark system modelled in MATLAB/Simulink, where eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations were employed under multiple loading conditions. It is hypothesized that FA-based coordinated tuning yields significantly improved damping ratios, reduced settling times, and minimized overshoot compared to Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and uncoordinated designs. Results confirm that the FA-optimized coordinated PSS–SSSC controller achieved a minimum damping ratio of 0.3842, settling time of 3.12 seconds, and overshoot reduction of 38.6% over PSO-based designs. The discussion validates that FA's adaptive light-intensity mechanism ensures superior convergence and global optimality. It is concluded that FA-based PSS–SSSC coordination offers a robust, computationally efficient framework for power system stability enhancement.
Area: Department of Electrical Department
Author: Bhagat Singh Yadav1, Dr. Durga Sharma2
DOI: MJAP/05/0414
Abstract:
India, with over 65% of its population below the age of 35, possesses an extraordinary demographic dividend that can be strategically channeled toward economic growth and global competitiveness. However, realizing this potential demands a robust and inclusive skill development ecosystem aligned with evolving labor market needs. This paper presents a comprehensive strategic review of governmental skill development interventions in India, tracing their evolution from fragmented training schemes to mission-oriented programs such as Skill India, PMKVY, NAPS, and DDU-GKY. Adopting a qualitative, exploratory methodology based on secondary data sources, the study critically examines the scope, effectiveness, and structural gaps in existing vocational training frameworks. Key challenges identified include industry-training mismatches, low placement rates, gender disparities, rural-urban divides, and fragmented governance. Drawing comparative insights from global best practices in Germany, Singapore, and China, the paper proposes an integrated reform agenda emphasizing unified governance, lifelong learning, industry collaboration, digital innovation, and inclusive participation. The study concludes that transforming India's demographic advantage into a developmental dividend requires systemic, future-oriented, and equity-driven skilling reforms.
Area: Department of Political Sciences
Author: Sanjeev Ranjan1, Niharika Kumari2
DOI: MJAP/05/0413
Abstract:
Juvenile detention facilities across the globe house a disproportionately high number of adolescents with diagnosable mental health disorders, yet the provision of adequate psychiatric services remains critically insufficient. The primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of mental health disorders among detained youth and identify the systemic service gaps that perpetuate unmet treatment needs. A descriptive-analytical research design was employed, utilizing secondary data synthesis from large-scale epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, and national survey databases published between 2008 and 2025. The hypothesis posited that detained youth exhibit significantly higher rates of psychiatric morbidity compared to the general adolescent population, and that fewer than 20% of those requiring mental health services actually receive them. Results confirmed that approximately 65–70% of detained youth meet criteria for at least one diagnosable mental health disorder, with conduct disorder, major depression, ADHD, and PTSD being the most prevalent conditions. Gender and racial disparities were prominent, with female detainees showing higher rates of depression and PTSD, and Black and male youth being least likely to receive needed services. The discussion highlights that structural barriers, including inadequate staffing, insurance gaps, fragmented referral systems, and stigma, collectively sustain these service deficits. The study concludes that without integrated, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive mental health frameworks embedded within juvenile justice systems, the cycle of untreated psychiatric illness, recidivism, and long-term psychosocial dysfunction will persist.
Area: Criminal Justice
Author: Cathy Renee' Logan-Davis
DOI: MJAP/05/0412
Abstract:
The dramatic works of T. S. Eliot represent a profound literary engagement with questions of moral decision-making and existential suffering in the modern world. This paper investigates the philosophical and theological underpinnings of Eliot's five major plays Murder in the Cathedral (1935), The Family Reunion (1939), The Cocktail Party (1949), The Confidential Clerk (1953), and The Elder Statesman (1958). The primary objective is to examine how Eliot's characters navigate moral dilemmas, confront guilt, and experience existential pain as they seek redemption and spiritual clarity. The study adopts a qualitative, analytical methodology grounded in textual analysis and critical interpretation. It is hypothesized that Eliot's dramatic protagonists undergo a consistent pattern of moral crisis, existential awakening, and spiritual transformation. The results reveal that moral decision-making in Eliot's dramas operates on multiple levels psychological, ethical, and spiritual and that existential pain functions as a necessary catalyst for redemption. The discussion establishes that Eliot's dramatic vision integrates Christian theology with modernist existential thought, offering a unique paradigm for understanding human suffering. The paper concludes that Eliot's dramas remain profoundly relevant to contemporary discourse on ethics, morality, and the human condition.
Area: Department of English
Author: Sejal Shankar Ambhore1, Dr. Shashikala Vishwakarma2
DOI: MJAP/05/0411
Abstract:
The present study undertakes a comparative examination of human resource (HR) challenges and change management strategies across public and private sector institutions in the Indian context. The primary objectives are to identify the key HR challenges confronting both sectors and to evaluate the effectiveness of change management strategies adopted by each. A descriptive-analytical research design was employed, utilizing secondary data from government reports, Reserve Bank of India publications, Aon Salary Surveys, and peer-reviewed scholarly literature published between 2004 and 2024. The study hypothesizes that private sector institutions demonstrate greater adaptability in change management practices compared to their public sector counterparts, while public sector institutions face more acute challenges in talent acquisition and workforce modernization. Results reveal that private sector institutions exhibit higher attrition rates (approximately 25%) but adopt more agile change management strategies, whereas public sector institutions face challenges related to bureaucratic rigidity and slower adoption of innovative HR practices. The discussion underscores that a convergence of HR practices is gradually emerging between the two sectors, though significant gaps persist. The study concludes that sector-specific, context-sensitive change management frameworks are essential for institutional sustainability in India's evolving economic landscape.
Area: Department of Management
Author: Ms. Siddhi Agarwal1, Dr. Shamim Ahmed2
DOI: MJAP/05/0410
Abstract:
Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) continue to be a leading technology for the collection of low-to-medium temperature thermal energy. Improving their thermal efficiency while reducing pressure drop, material expenses, and environmental effects poses a complex, multi-faceted challenge. This review article thoroughly investigates the use of Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) methods in the design and enhancement of FPSCs. It consolidates recent studies aimed at optimizing essential factors such as absorber plate shape, fin configuration, riser tube arrangement, properties of the working fluid, and glazing. The review emphasizes the common application of evolutionary algorithms like NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II) in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate models. A detailed analysis indicates that the main conflicting goals are to maximize thermal efficiency (η) while minimizing pressure drop (ΔP) or overall cost. Additionally, the paper provides a structured literature review in tabular format, identifies existing research gaps, and discusses the key findings with an emphasis on Pareto-optimal solutions that reconcile the competing objectives. The conclusion highlights the importance of system-specific MOO frameworks to achieve cost-effective and high-performance FPSC designs that are appropriate for various climatic and operational scenarios.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Rahul Soma Deshmukh1, Siddhant N. Patil2, Shraddha Lohakare3, Mohan T. Patel4, Pragati Patil5
DOI: MJAP/05/0409
Abstract:
The development, state, and future prospects of micro-machining technologies and the compact machine tools (CMTs) that make them possible are thoroughly examined in this paper. Improvements in micro-machining are essential since the electronics, medicinal, optical, and aerospace sectors seek smaller parts with intricate geometries and high precision. In addition to analysing the parallel development of CMTs intended for improved stability, precision, and a smaller environmental impact in comparison to conventional platforms, the study summarises the literature on important processes (micro-milling, micro-turning, micro-EDM, and laser micro-machining). The comprehensive integration of improved metrology, sustainable practices, and "smart" capabilities into small micro-machining systems is shown to be a major research gap. In order to create the next generation of easily accessible, highly accurate, and intelligent micro-manufacturing technologies, the paper finishes by summarising technology trends and research requirements.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Rahul Soma Deshmukh1, Shirish N. Shinde2, Bhagatsingh E. Rajput3, Gokul R. Jeughale4, D. D. Patil5
DOI: MJAP/05/0408
Abstract:
Employee retention has become a critical organizational challenge with significant financial and operational implications. This empirical study investigates the relationship between five human resource practices and employee retention in Indian organizations. The research employed a cross-sectional survey design utilizing primary data collected from 384 employees across various sectors in Raipur, Chhattisgarh through structured questionnaires. A total of 351 valid responses were obtained (response rate 91.4%). Five HR practices were examined: training and development, compensation management, performance appraisal, work-life balance, and employee engagement. The study hypothesized positive relationships between each HR practice and employee retention. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results confirmed all five hypotheses, revealing significant positive correlations between HR practices and retention. Training and development demonstrated the strongest relationship (r=0.736, β=0.284, p
Area: Department of Management
Author: Uday Pratap Singh
DOI: MJAP/05/0407
Abstract:
Regardless of the mechanical hardness of the material, electrically conductive materials can be precisely cut using a non-traditional thermoelectric machining technique called wire electrical discharge machining (Wire EDM). This review summarises what is now known about Wire EDM, looking at its basic ideas, important process variables, performance traits, and industrial uses. In order to erode material and create complicated shapes with little residual stress, the procedure uses a tiny wire electrode that travels constantly and regulated spark discharges in a dielectric liquid. Even though wire EDM has many benefits for cutting complex geometries and hard materials, problems including low material removal rates, recast layer formation, and wire breakage still exist. Recent developments in wire electrode technology, dielectric systems, process optimisation, and adaptive control techniques are all thoroughly examined in this work. It also highlights important research gaps, such as the requirement for micro-Wire EDM capabilities, AI-driven real-time optimisation, hybrid process development, and sustainable dielectrics. The results emphasise the changing significance of Wire EDM in precision manufacturing and suggest future research avenues to improve its effectiveness, precision, and range of applications.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Rahul Soma Deshmukh1, Mayur Gitay2, Shirish N. Shinde3, Bhagatsingh E. Rajput4, Gokul R. Jeughale5,
DOI: MJAP/05/0406
Abstract:
Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) have emerged as key materials in aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, the thermo-mechanical performance the coupled response of composites to temperature and mechanical loads remains a critical challenge due to complex interactions at microstructural and interface levels. This review critically examines recent advances in understanding thermo-mechanical behavior, highlighting manufacturing influences, environmental effects, modeling approaches, and performance optimization strategies. Key challenges include thermal degradation, residual stresses, and limited high-temperature capability. A comparative analysis of different polymer matrices and reinforcement systems provides insights into design trade-offs. This paper concludes with key research gaps and future directions.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0405
Abstract:
This review surveys recent advances in electric vehicle (EV) powertrains with a focus on three interrelated performance pillars: energy efficiency, torque delivery and control, and thermal management. We synthesize developments in motor topologies and multi-speed transmission strategies, power-electronics architectures, and model-based and AI/ML control methods that improve drivetrain efficiency and real-world energy consumption. Concurrently, we review torque-control techniques including high-fidelity torque vectoring and distributed-motor coordination that enhance dynamic performance, handling, and regenerative braking effectiveness. The paper also examines integrated thermal management approaches for batteries, motors, and inverters, highlighting active, passive, and hybrid systems that maintain performance, extend lifetime, and improve safety. Finally, we identify key trade-offs, remaining technical challenges (thermal limits, packaging, cost, and control complexity), and research opportunities such as holistic co-design of thermal and control systems and standardised test protocols. This synthesis aims to inform researchers and practitioners seeking to optimise EV powertrain performance in the face of accelerating market adoption and evolving system requirements.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0404
Abstract:
The use of composite materials in automobile structures has increased due to the growing demand for vehicles that are safe, lightweight, and fuel-efficient. Impact resistance and crashworthiness are two of the most important performance requirements for guaranteeing passenger safety in crashes. Although composite materials have great specific strength and the capacity to absorb energy, their failure mechanisms under impact loading are intricate and very different from those of conventional metallic materials. The impact and crashworthiness performance of composite structures utilized in automotive applications are thoroughly analyzed in this review study. Energy absorption and failure behavior are examined in relation to material systems, reinforcement architecture, manufacturing techniques, and geometrical design. Future research areas, comparison investigations with metallic counterparts, and present obstacles are also emphasized.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0403
Abstract:
Research on natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs) as potential substitutes for traditional synthetic fibre composites has intensified due to the growing need for ecologically friendly and sustainable engineering materials. Natural fibres with low density, biodegradability, renewability, affordability, and a lower carbon footprint include jute, sisal, kenaf, flax, hemp, bamboo, and coir. With an emphasis on their mechanical, thermal, tribological, and environmental properties for sustainable engineering applications, this study offers a thorough performance analysis of natural fibre reinforced composites. Usually, natural fibres in different weight fractions and orientations are mixed with polymer matrices like epoxy, polyester, polypropylene, or biodegradable resins to create composites. Tensile, flexural, impact, and compressive qualities are the main focus of the performance evaluation, which also highlights how fibre type, length, volume fraction, surface treatment, and fabrication method affect the behaviour of the composite as a whole. The function of chemical treatments like acetylation, silane, and alkali in enhancing moisture resistance and fiber–matrix interfacial bonding, which in turn improves mechanical performance and durability, is explored.
Area: Department of Mechanical Engineering
Author: Dr. Mayur Jayant Gitay1, Dr. Nikhil J. Rathod2, Mr. Rohit K. Dhende3, Mr. Sagar S. Sasane4
DOI: MJAP/05/0402
Abstract:
The increasing integration of nonlinear loads and renewable energy sources in modern electrical distribution systems has significantly deteriorated power quality, manifesting as voltage fluctuations, harmonic distortions, and reactive power imbalances. This research investigates the design and modeling of a Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) employing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching and Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) techniques to enhance grid power quality. The study hypothesizes that the combined implementation of PWM and HCC will effectively mitigate voltage sags, reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and improve power factor to meet IEEE 519 standards. A comprehensive simulation model was developed using MATLAB/Simulink for a three-phase distribution system with various load conditions. The methodology encompasses system design, controller implementation, and comparative performance analysis. Results demonstrate that the proposed DSTATCOM achieves voltage regulation within ±2%, reduces THD from 28.4% to 3.2%, and improves power factor from 0.72 to 0.98 under varying load scenarios. The hysteresis current controller exhibits superior transient response with settling time below 40ms compared to conventional PI controllers. This research validates the efficacy of advanced control strategies in DSTATCOM applications for sustainable power distribution networks.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Balwant Singh Parihar1, Prof. Sachindra Kumar Verma2
DOI: MJAP/05/0401