Abstract:
The rapid growth of mobile data traffic has encouraged cellular operators to build Long Term Evolution (LTE) in the 5 GHz unlicensed band utilizing License Assisted Access (LAA) where the success of LAA depends on fair co-existence with incumbent Wi-Fi networks. Due to the different channel-access criteria of LAA's Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) mechanism and Wi-Fi's Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), uncoordinated coexistence may drastically reduce Wi-Fi performance or underutilize the shared spectrum. We provide a proportional-fair analytically tractable optimisation framework for Wi-Fi/LTE-LAA coexistence on a shared 5 GHz channel. For both networks, we develop closed-form throughput equations based on a discrete-time Markov chain model. To find the optimal channel time-sharing factor, we design and solve a proportional fairness objective under Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. With Wi-Fi throughput degradation within 5% of solo performance and an inter-network Jain's Fairness Index (JFI) of 0.95-0.98, extensive simulations show that the suggested system may boost the aggregate LAA throughput by up to 78% over existing fairness-based standards. The results show that the proposed coexistence management approach for 5G-Advanced and upcoming 6G unlicensed-spectrum installations is feasible.
Area: Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Author: Kamal Singh Rao1, Harish Chandra Maurya2, Gajendra Singh Rajawat3, Mohini Dwivedi4,
DOI: MJAP/05/2010
Abstract:
Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), commonly called thorn apple or Jimson weed, is a widely distributed weed with a long history of use in folk and traditional medicine systems across Asia and Africa. Qualitative phytochemical screening of its leaf extracts has consistently revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins [9], [11]. Among its constituents, tropane alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine dominate the pharmacological profile of the plant [3], [10]. A growing body of experimental work has examined whether these compounds, individually or as crude extracts, disturb reproductive physiology sufficiently to be classified as antifertility agents. Studies on petroleum ether, ethanolic, and aqueous leaf extracts administered to female albino rats have reported prolongation of the estrous cycle along with antiestrogenic activity, changes consistent with antifertility potential without acute toxicity at the tested doses [1]. This review consolidates findings from primary research articles, review papers, and toxicological reports published over the past two decades, examining extraction methods, phytochemical constituents, dose-dependent reproductive outcomes, and proposed mechanisms of action. The review also situates D. stramonium within the broader landscape of plant-derived antifertility agents, comparing its profile with species such as Datura metel, Azadirachta indica, and other Solanaceae members. Gaps identified include inconsistent extraction protocols, near-total absence of isolated-compound studies, lack of dose-response standardization, and no human trial data. The review concludes that while preliminary evidence supports antifertility activity linked to hormonal disruption and possible anticholinergic interference with reproductive tissue, the narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic doses of tropane alkaloids demands considerably more rigorous, standardized investigation bef
Area: Department of Pharmacy, Monad University
Author: Kavitha N V¹ and Prof. Anuj Kumar Sharma²
DOI: MJAP/05/2009
Abstract:
This study empirically examines how Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) functions as a catalyst that transforms Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practice from a compliance exercise into a strategic driver of long-term organizational resilience. Drawing on survey data collected from 214 mid- to large-capitalization firms across manufacturing, financial services, and energy sectors, the study operationalizes ERM maturity using a validated five-point index and links it to ESG disclosure quality, pillar-level ESG performance, and a composite Organizational Resilience Index tracked longitudinally from 2019 to 2024. Using correlation analysis, ANOVA across ERM maturity tiers, and structural equation modeling (SEM), the results demonstrate a statistically significant positive relationship between ERM maturity and ESG disclosure scores (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), with governance-related ESG outcomes showing the strongest sensitivity to ERM sophistication. Firms in the high-ERM-maturity tier exhibited resilience index gains of approximately 54% between 2019 and 2024, compared to a decline of roughly 14% among low-ERM firms, confirming that ERM integration insulates organizations against systemic and reputational shocks. SEM results further reveal that ERM's effect on resilience is only partially direct (β = 0.31) and is substantially mediated through strategic ESG integration (β = 0.52 and β = 0.47 along the mediating path), underscoring ERM's catalytic rather than purely operational role. These findings extend risk governance theory by repositioning ERM as an antecedent of strategic ESG maturity and offer practitioners an empirically grounded rationale for embedding ERM functions within ESG governance architecture to secure durable competitive resilience.
Area: Department of Strategic Governance and Enterprise Risk Management
Author: Ferry Hermansyah1
DOI: MJAP/05/2008
Abstract:
The three-striped roofed turtle (Batagur dhongoka), a Critically Endangered geoemydid endemic to the Ganga–Brahmaputra system, has contracted sharply across its historical range, yet evidence linking its persistence to water quality in the middle Ganga remains scarce. This study quantifies the abundance, demography and habitat association of B. dhongoka along a 452 km stretch between Bithoor (Kanpur) and Barwan (Bhadohi), Uttar Pradesh. Eight segments were surveyed over nine campaigns spanning three seasons and three years (2023–2025), yielding 2,402 sightings across 2,160 km of boat-based strip transects and 72 paired water samples analysed for ten variables. A weighted arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) ranged from 27.8 (Good) at Bithoor to 115.0 (Unsuitable) at Jajmau, downstream of the Kanpur tannery and sewage outfall. Encounter rates collapsed from 2.24 individuals km⁻¹ upstream of Kanpur to 0.02 individuals km⁻¹ at Jajmau, recovering to 2.14 individuals km⁻¹ in the Bhadohi reach. Encounter rate correlated positively with dissolved oxygen (r = 0.797, p < 0.001) and negatively with BOD (r = −0.678), faecal coliform (r = −0.787) and WQI (r = −0.673). Multiple regression explained 65.9% of variance (adjusted R² = 0.644, F₃,₆₈ = 43.84, p < 0.001), dissolved oxygen dominating (β = 0.763). Hatching success fell from 86.8% to 68.5% and juvenile representation from 32.1% to 20.0% along the same gradient, indicating recruitment failure rather than adult displacement. The corrected population estimate is 622 ± 148 individuals. Water quality, acting principally through oxygen availability, is therefore the proximate determinant of B. dhongoka distribution.
Area: Department of Zoology
Author: Jyoti Singh¹, Dr. Girijesh Shukla²
DOI: MJAP/05/1522
Abstract:
Regenerative and aesthetic medicine is expanding faster than its evidence base can be appraised. This empirical paper maps the registered clinical-study landscape for platelet products, cell/adipose products, and secretome/exosome products used for hair restoration, cutaneous scar remodeling, and skin rejuvenation. ClinicalTrials.gov was queried through its version 2 application programming interface on 12 August 2026. Six indication searches were combined, deduplicated, and screened using prespecified intervention and anatomical criteria. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, chi-square tests, Cramér’s V, Kruskal–Wallis testing, and exact comparisons of results posting were applied. Of 186 unique records, 136 met eligibility criteria; 135 were interventional. Hair restoration/alopecia accounted for 65 studies (47.8%), scars for 48 (35.3%), and skin rejuvenation/aging for 23 (16.9%). Platelet products were the primary modality in 62 studies (45.6%), followed by combination regimens in 32 (23.5%), cell/adipose products in 30 (22.1%), and secretome/exosome products in 12 (8.8%). Ninety-six studies (70.6%) were randomized, yet median enrollment was only 30 participants. Study starts rose from 17 through 2015 to 46 during 2024–2026. Modality differed by indication (χ²=14.61, p=.024; Cramér’s V=.232), while enrollment did not differ significantly across modalities (H=4.83, p=.184). Only 5 of 53 studies with actual primary completion at least one year before extraction had posted results (9.4%). The evidence pipeline is active but fragmented, small, and weakly transparent. Standardized product characterization, validated aesthetic outcomes, timely results disclosure, and longer safety follow-up are necessary before registry activity can be interpreted as clinical maturity.
Area: Department of Dermatological Science
Author: Sarah-Kay Anne Ballard
DOI: MJAP/05/1521
Abstract:
We are contributors to environmental pollution, that's why it is our collective responsibility to remain aware of environmental issues. We should move towards the adoption of green energy sources for thermal energy to reduce dependence on conventional fossil fuels and associated environmental impacts. Solar thermal energy is a clean and renewable alternative that can contribute to sustainable energy utilization, particularly for water heating applications. Among solar thermal technologies, the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) is an effective system for concentrating solar radiation and converting it into useful thermal energy. This study focuses on the thermal analysis and working principle of a parabolic trough solar collector system for water heating under the climatic conditions of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A PTSC prototype was designed and fabricated to investigate its thermal performance under actual outdoor solar conditions. The working principle involves concentrating incident solar radiation onto a receiver tube positioned along the focal line of the parabolic reflector, where the absorbed solar energy is transferred to flowing water. The thermal analysis evaluates the effects of three different water flow rates on outlet temperature, useful heat gain, and thermal efficiency. A theoretical thermal performance model based on the Hottel–Whillier–Bliss approach was developed and compared with experimental measurements. Regression analysis and ANOVA were also employed to evaluate performance trends and identify suitable operating conditions. The findings demonstrate the potential of PTSC technology as an efficient and sustainable solution for domestic water heating.
Area: Department of Thermal Engineering
Author: Dipti Nawal¹, Mr. Manoj Kumar², Dr. Ritesh Kumar³
DOI: MJAP/05/1520
Abstract:
Ground supported reinforced concrete (RC) water storage tanks are critical lifeline structures whose survival during and immediately after a seismic event governs firefighting capability, potable-water supply and public-health resilience [1]. This paper presents an empirical investigation into the structural behaviour and earthquake-resistant design of ground-supported rectangular and circular RC tanks, integrating hydrodynamic theory, finite-element simulation and code-based design verification. Fifteen prototype tanks with capacities ranging from 250 m3 to 4000 m3 were modelled using the two-mass Housner idealisation to separate impulsive and convective liquid actions, and were analysed under three soil categories and four seismic zones. Base shear, overturning moment, hydrodynamic wall pressure, sloshing wave height and hoop tension were extracted and statistically evaluated against hydrostatic baselines. Results demonstrate that the impulsive component contributes 62-78% of total base shear in stiff shallow tanks, whereas the convective component dominates free-board demand in slender tanks. Seismic wall pressure exceeded hydrostatic pressure by 34-71% at the base, and soft-soil sites amplified base shear by up to 2.3 times relative to rock sites. Regression analysis established a strong correlation (R2 = 0.94) between the height-to-length ratio and the impulsive mass fraction. The study confirms that free-board provision, wall-base junction detailing and controlled convective response are decisive for damage-free performance. The empirical relationships and comparative data reported here support the abstract premise and conclusion that rational, hydrodynamically informed design substantially improves the seismic reliability of ground-supported RC water tanks and reduces the risk of leakage-induced serviceability failure during moderate-to-strong earthquakes [2].
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Yash Dehariya¹, Dr. Anudeep Nema²
DOI: MJAP/05/1519
Abstract:
Brick masonry buildings represent a considerable share of the world building stock, especially in developing countries and in seismically active areas (e.g., South Asia, Mediterranean region or Latin America). Most are nonductile, having been built prior to the inclusion of seismic design provisions in most building codes and displaying poor lateral load resistance; they perform poorly against earthquake damage. Reinforced Concrete (RC) jacketing is among the most popular techniques of retrofitting to improve seismic performance in existing masonry buildings. The proposed empirical paper provides a literature-based data-driven approach characterizing the performance of brick masonry structures retrofitted with Reinforced Concrete (RC) jacketing employing experimental results, numerical simulation using Finite Element Modeling (FEM), and field survey data from 120 retrofitting buildings located in Zone III, IV, and V. Five important performance parameters, namely lateral load capacity, ductility ratio, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity and inter-storey drift were evaluated in the systematic manner before and after strengthening. The analysis shows that RC jacketing improves lateral load capacity by an average of 215%, increases ductility ratios from 1.2 to above 4.8, decreases inter-storey drift as much as -68% and increases cumulative energy dissipation around +340%. Strong jacket thickness-performance improvement indices were shown via statistical regression model of data-R² = 0.87. Moreover, a comparison of these empirical trends with past experimental studies also corroborates these findings. The results provide quantitative benchmarks for practicing engineers and support development of evidence-based seismic retrofit design guidelines for unreinforced masonry buildings.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Manish Kumar Verma¹, Dr. Tirtha Sathi Bandyopadhyay²
DOI: MJAP/05/1518
Abstract:
The flexible pavements primarily employ bituminous concrete (BC) as the surface course which field performance critically depends on the quantity of bitumen added and its proper blending with a well-graded mineral aggregate skeleton [1], [2]. This paper provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous experimental work on the parametric effect of binder content on the Marshall properties of dense-graded bituminous concrete. Using the PRISMA protocol [3], qualitative synthesis returned 41 studies and quantitative meta-analysis, 27 studies (yielding 74 data sets of Marshall). The synthesized findings validate that Marshall stability improves with bitumen content until an optimum is attained and decreases beyond that; the pooled random-effects optimum bitumen content (OBC) was estimated at 5.21% by mass of mix (95% confidence interval: 5.02–5.40%) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 64%), in close agreement to the national specification region of 5.0–5.5% [1]. Flow values are monotonically increasing with bitumen content, unit weight is a maximum at or very near the optimum, and air voids fall to the optimum (or as close as possible). Optimum content and peak-stability are significantly modulated with the influencing factors of gradation fineness, filler type and compaction energy as shown by meta-regression. Sensitivity assessments in a critical appraisal highlighted source of between-study scatter as inconsistent compaction energy, non-uniform reporting of volumetric properties and variable conditioning regimes. Furthermore, the pooled data reveal that deviations of ±1% from the optimum decrease stability within 10–25%, which quantifies a practical penalty for poor bitumen control during production [2]. The review concludes with a recommendation for standardized Marshall testing and reporting, and the utilization of pooled optimum-content ranges during preliminary mix design.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Rohit Prince¹, Dr. Sandeep Choudhary²
DOI: MJAP/05/1517
Abstract:
Smart Microgrid Energy Management Systems (MEMS) are vital due to the rapid growth and increasing complexity of modern power grids, as well as the plethora of distributed energy resources (DERs). This empirical research presents a comparison of the performances offered by artificial intelligence (AI) and automation techniques for real-time energy dispatch, demand-side management, and fault resilience against microgrid schedule optimization applications, specifically reinforcement learning (RL), deep neural networks (DNN), and fuzzy logic controllers [11]. The research uses primary data collected from a hybrid solar-wind-battery microgrid testbed hourly over 12 months and supported with simulation validated datasets to assess key performance metrics [energy cost savings, grid stability index, renewable energy penetration/so-called curtailment ratio (CR), response latency of run-time dispatch mechanism and battery state-of-health (SoH)]. Five quantifications yield systematic insights to demonstrate that AI MEMS can reduce operational energy costs up to 34.7% and improve renewable utilization by 28.3%, outperforming benchmarks based on conventional rule-based control strategies. Statistical regressions support strong correlations between AI algorithm selection and system performance indices (R² = 0.91, p < 0.001). The results prove that multi-agent deep reinforcement learning processes can excel over classical optimization methods in dynamic load-balancing environments. The existing literature is presented in relation to proposed results to further clarify how this study advances the domain beyond previous work. The study concludes with practical implications for grid operators and policymakers looking to deploy sustainable microgrids.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Pawan Fuleriya¹, Asst. Prof. Raghunandan Singh Baghel²
DOI: MJAP/05/1516
Abstract:
Ground supported reinforced concrete (RC) water storage tanks are critical lifeline structures whose survival during and immediately after a seismic event governs firefighting capability, potable-water supply and public-health resilience [1]. This paper presents an empirical investigation into the structural behaviour and earthquake-resistant design of ground-supported rectangular and circular RC tanks, integrating hydrodynamic theory, finite-element simulation and code-based design verification. Fifteen prototype tanks with capacities ranging from 250 m3 to 4000 m3 were modelled using the two-mass Housner idealisation to separate impulsive and convective liquid actions, and were analysed under three soil categories and four seismic zones. Base shear, overturning moment, hydrodynamic wall pressure, sloshing wave height and hoop tension were extracted and statistically evaluated against hydrostatic baselines. Results demonstrate that the impulsive component contributes 62-78% of total base shear in stiff shallow tanks, whereas the convective component dominates free-board demand in slender tanks. Seismic wall pressure exceeded hydrostatic pressure by 34-71% at the base, and soft-soil sites amplified base shear by up to 2.3 times relative to rock sites. Regression analysis established a strong correlation (R2 = 0.94) between the height-to-length ratio and the impulsive mass fraction. The study confirms that free-board provision, wall-base junction detailing and controlled convective response are decisive for damage-free performance. The empirical relationships and comparative data reported here support the abstract premise and conclusion that rational, hydrodynamically informed design substantially improves the seismic reliability of ground-supported RC water tanks and reduces the risk of leakage-induced serviceability failure during moderate-to-strong earthquakes [2].
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Yash Dehariya¹, Dr. Anudeep Nema²
DOI: MJAP/05/1516
Abstract:
Emerging technologies and prospects of distribution systems during the last decades, the global energy demand is exponentially increasing, supplemented with the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) and smart grid technologies, which have shifted from a traditional centralized generation to more simplified, decentralized structures. Intelligent Automated Power Distribution Systems (IAPDS) is an integration of computational intelligence, real-time communication networks, and the adaptive control strategy that allows the Grid to operate in a self-healing, fault-tolerant and energy efficient manner. This review paper provides a systematic meta-analysis of previous works related to the design, implementation and performance evaluation of IAPDS (2005−2024). This paper addresses these issues by systematically reviewing and synthesizing the main enabling technologies driving modern intelligent distribution systems from published peer-reviewed publications (N = 200+), including: AI, ML, IoT, SCADA systems, and AMI. The review then goes on to critique existing techniques implemented in load forecasting, fault identification, demand-side management, and automated switching respectively, while stress-testing unresolved research barriers on cybersecurity threats, scalability problems, and interoperability challenges. The results reveal that the IAPDS architectures which merge the multi-agent systems with the deep reinforcement learning technology achieve the best performance in the aspects of fault recovery automatically and on-load balancing in real-time. Finally, this paper ends with a futures perspective on emerging avenues for research and the transformative role of IAPDS in realizing sustainable, resilient and carbon-neutral power systems.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Sudhanya Kumar Upadhyay¹, Asst. Prof. Raghunandan Singh Baghel²
DOI: MJAP/05/1515
Abstract:
The smart grid has emerged as a leading paradigm in contemporary electrical engineering due to the urgent transition towards sustainable and resilient energy infrastructures. A meta-analysis of previous research on smart grid development is presented in this paper, particularly on power system automation and intelligent control techniques. The widespread adoption of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), distributed energy resources (DERs), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems has radically transformed the operational structure of power systems. Thus, intelligent control strategies like model predictive control (MPC) [12], fuzzy logic controllers [13], artificial neural networks (ANNs) [14], and multi-agent systems (MAS) [15] have been investigated as enablers for real-time optimization of the grid and fault resilience. This review integrates results from over 30 years of research on the benefits of automation and its frameworks for load balancing, demand response, voltage regulation, and energy storage integration. The meta-analysis shows widespread positive changes in performance across intelligent control implementations, however, there still gaps in terms of standardization, cybersecurity and interoperability capabilities. This paper, by carrying out a critical review of 30 foundational and contemporary references, exposes commonalities, methodological constraints and primary paths for waterways in the future of smart grid technologies.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Soniya Khan¹, Asst. Prof. Raghunandan Singh Baghel²
DOI: MJAP/05/1514
Abstract:
Integrating renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and hydroelectric systems into modern electrical grids has changed power system topology and operational characteristics drastically. In this review paper, a meta-analysis is conducted of previous research contributions that tackles the challenges and methods towards energy transition in modern power systems focusing on grid stability; frequency regulation, voltage control and transient response. This paper summarizes and synthesizes insights gathered from more than 30 years of published research on analytical, simulation, and experimental studies. The key themes analyzed are the stochasticity of renewable generation, the function of energy storage systems (ESS) to offset intermittence, advanced control strategies (e.g., droop control and model predictive control), and inertia reduction for high renewable penetration. Although various technological breakthroughs have been made on grid-connected inverter design, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), and architectures for smart grids, the meta-analysis results indicate that sizeable gaps in scalable real-time optimization solutions, networked control & largely distributed optimization techniques to coordinate cross-border grids and frameworks for cyber-resilient control will need further research. The paper concludes with key directions for research that will be needed to develop power systems that are reliable, resilient, and carbon neutral by 2050.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Arjun Bodana¹, Asst. Prof. Raghunandan Singh Baghel²
DOI: MJAP/05/1513
Abstract:
This explosion of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has prompted the formulation of increasingly complex design frameworks, as well as advanced automation strategies, to provide reliable, efficient, and stable power delivery. To clearly understand how to design and automate grid-connected solar power, this review paper provides a meta-analysis of previous literature based on intelligent control techniques such as fuzzy logic controllers, artificial neural networks (ANNs), model predictive control (MPC), sliding mode control (SMC), and hybrid optimization methods. A targeted investigation of 150+ peer-reviewed articles published from 2005 to 2024, with a focus on maximum power point tracking (MPPT), inverter control, power quality improvement, grid synchronization, fault detection, and energy management systems. The meta-analysis shows that machine learning-based approaches mixed with control architectures are trending toward enhanced dynamic response, tracking execution, and minimization of harmonic distortion than standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. An analysis of literature reveals limitations with respect to computational complexity, partial shading robustness, real-time adaptability, and benchmarking standards. This analysis consolidates recent results across various intelligent control paradigms and identifies opportunities for future research on the interplay of deep reinforcement learning, digital twin frameworks, and edge-computing-enabled autonomous grid management. This paper can act as a reference for researchers and engineers involved in design, optimization and intelligent automation of next generation grid-connected solar energy systems.
Area: Department of Electrical Engineering
Author: Sandeep Singh Rathour¹, Asst. Prof. Raghunandan Singh Baghel²
DOI: MJAP/05/1512
Abstract:
Laser light scattering techniques have emerged as indispensable analytical tools for characterizing semiconductor materials, providing non-destructive and high-resolution measurements of structural, optical, and electronic properties. This meta-analysis synthesizes research conducted over the past two decades to evaluate the efficacy, applicability, and limitations of various laser light scattering methodologies including Raman spectroscopy, Brillouin scattering, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and resonant light scattering (RLS). Through systematic review of 180+ peer-reviewed articles and technical reports, this study identifies key advancements in laser scattering technologies, compares quantitative performance metrics across different techniques, and establishes frameworks for optimal technique selection based on specific material characterization requirements. Critical analysis reveals that Raman spectroscopy maintains predominance with 67% citation frequency, while emerging hybrid approaches combining multiple scattering modalities demonstrate superior diagnostic capabilities. This meta-analysis contributes to the standardization of laser scattering protocols for semiconductor analysis, identifies research gaps particularly in real-time in-situ characterization during device fabrication, and proposes future research directions including integration with machine learning algorithms for automated spectral interpretation. The comprehensive synthesis provides researchers and practitioners with evidence-based guidance for selecting, implementing, and interpreting laser light scattering techniques in semiconductor materials research and quality control applications.
Area: Department of Physics
Author: Riya Dhadhich¹, Dr. Bhanu Pratap²
DOI: MJAP/05/1507
Abstract:
This institute mainly focuses on the construction industry as it is one of the biggest contributors of global carbon dioxide owing mainly to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production. Environmental concerns regarding concrete combine with growth in global infrastructure demand to push innovative sustainable replacements for traditional cement. It evaluate mechanical, durability and microstructural properties of concrete utilizing the waste materials. It is found that replacement levels differ with respect to material type and fineness, however, strategic replacements can improve the compressive strength substantially, increase sulfate attack resistance, and mitigate thermal cracking. Setting time and early-age strength are however still very much an issue This work is by far the overall review of the recent trends to find out the best replacement ratios and discuss future research potentials for carbon-neutral construction materials.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Ravi Mandloi¹, Rajesh Chouhan²
DOI: MJAP/05/1506
Abstract:
Project scheduling remains one of the most critical determinants of cost efficiency and resource optimization in contemporary project management practice. This review paper presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of past research examining the multidimensional relationship between scheduling methodologies, cost performance, and resource utilization across diverse industry sectors. Drawing from over three decades of empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and applied investigations, the analysis synthesizes findings from construction, information technology, manufacturing, and infrastructure development domains. The review identifies consistent patterns demonstrating that structured scheduling approaches including Critical Path Method (CPM), Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and Agile-based scheduling significantly correlate with reduced cost overruns and improved resource allocation efficiency. Meta-analytic findings reveal that projects employing advanced scheduling techniques experience, on average, 23–35% lower cost deviations compared to those operating without formal scheduling frameworks. Furthermore, resource optimization indices consistently improve when scheduling is integrated with real-time monitoring and earned value management systems. The paper also highlights persistent gaps in the literature, particularly regarding dynamic scheduling in uncertain environments and the role of digital tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in transforming scheduling efficacy.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Mohammad Zikrullah¹, Mrs. Kamni Laheriya²
DOI: MJAP/05/1505
Abstract:
Concrete is a material with wide use in construction industry but the low tensile strength and brittle behavior of this construction material restrict structural performance. The addition of steel fibers in concrete has been found to be an effective method to enhance mechanical properties of concrete. The experimental study aims to assess the behaviour of the steel fibre chips (which are produced by machining and lathe waste) on the properties of strength of M-25 grade, M-30 grade and M-35 grade concrete. The dosage of steel fiber chips used in the concrete was 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by volume of concrete. A comprehensive experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength at curing ages of 7, 14 and 28 days as per Indian Standard specifications on which 135 specimens were tested. The findings showed that the concrete with steel fibre chips addition showed considerable improvement in all mechanical properties of concrete as the most significant improvement is noted in the tensile and flexural properties. The best results were obtained at 1.5 % fibre content when the compressive strength was raised by around 13-15%, split tensile strength was raised by around 30-35% and flexural strength raised by around 39-45% over conventional concrete. The 1.5% fibre content and beyond, workability reduction, fibre clustering, and compaction problems caused marginal reduction in the strength. The authors show that steel fiber chips can provide an economical and sustainable alternative to commercially produced steel fibers, and can be used to achieve better structural performance, as well as beneficial utilization of the industrial waste in construction applications.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Jaiprakash Jaiswal¹, Mrs. Kamni Laheriya²
DOI: MJAP/05/1504
Abstract:
Reinforced concrete (RC) structures remain critical infrastructure in water treatment systems globally, yet their long-term durability performance under aggressive chemical environments continues to present significant engineering challenges. This empirical study presents a comprehensive assessment of 47 water treatment facilities across diverse climatic and operational conditions, evaluating structural integrity, material degradation mechanisms, and design performance. Through systematic field investigations, laboratory analysis, and quantitative data assessment, this research identifies critical durability indicators and performance metrics associated with corrosion, alkali-aggregate reactions, and microcracking phenomena. Our findings reveal that 62% of facilities aged 20-30 years exhibited moderate to severe durability concerns, with carbonation depth and rebar corrosion constituting the primary degradation mechanisms. Advanced statistical analysis correlates design parameters, material composition, and environmental factors with observed damage patterns. The research implements optimization strategies utilizing supplementary cementitious materials, enhanced surface treatments, and innovative protective coatings that demonstrated 35-45% improvement in durability indicators. Additionally, this study proposes predictive models for service life estimation incorporating climate data, loading patterns, and maintenance regimes. The integrated methodology provides practical frameworks for design optimization and rehabilitation strategies applicable to existing and future water treatment infrastructure. Recommendations emphasize preventive maintenance protocols, material innovation, and performance-based design approaches to extend facility lifespan by 15-20 years. These findings contribute significantly to sustainable infrastructure development and resource optimization in water management sectors.
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Rupali Dehariya¹, Dr. Jyoti Yadav², Vivek Shukla3
DOI: MJAP/05/1503
Abstract:
The global nutraceutical industry, valued at approximately USD 451.8 billion in 2024, operates under divergent regulatory architectures that impose fundamentally different clinical evidence standards across jurisdictions. This study presents an evidence-based comparative analysis of nutraceutical clinical validation frameworks in India (FSSAI), the United States (FDA/DSHEA), and the European Union (EFSA/Directive 2002/46/EC), with particular emphasis on safety substantiation requirements, health claim authorization pathways, and pre-market clinical evidence obligations. The primary hypothesis states that significant regulatory asymmetry in clinical evidence requirements among the three jurisdictions creates unequal market entry barriers, consumer safety risks, and structural impediments to global harmonization. Using documentary analysis, regulatory database review, and structured comparative tabulation of official regulatory instruments, this study examined clinical evidence tiers, claim categories, and enforcement mechanisms across the three regulatory regions.
Area: Department of Clinical Nutrition
Author: Jyotsna Jaspal
DOI: MJAP/05/1502
Abstract:
Self-healing smart materials have the potential to be game changers in sustainable infrastructures, providing autonomous repair of delaminated bonds and functional biomimetic structures that may extend service life significantly while minimizing long term cost and environmental footprint. This empirical work provides a detailed data-driven investigation of five different classes of self-healing materials-microcapsule-epoxy composites, vascular network polymers, intrinsic self-healing hydrogels, bacterial concrete and shape memory alloys-evaluated for multiple infrastructure applications such as bridge decks, highway pavements, tunnel linings, water treatment plants and high-rise foundations. Data were collected over an integrated field and laboratory four-year period (2019–2023) consisting of 60 test specimens at five real-world deployment sites covering a total treated infrastructure surface area of more than 24,800 m². Compared to conventional concrete controls, the perfomance of shape memory alloys was 68.9% efficient in healing compared with 91.2% for intrinsic self-healing hydrogels and CO₂ emission reductions ranged from up to 31.8% and maintenance cost savings from up to 47.3%. Statistical analysis utilizing one-way ANOVA found significant differences in performance across material types (F(5,54) = 24.73; p < 0.001). Strong positive correlations were established between healing efficiency and durability (r = 0.912; p < 0.001), CO₂ reduction and service life extension (r = 0.874; p < 0.001) through Pearson correlation analysis. The multiple regression modelling resulted to R² = 0.874, supporting that the healing efficiency, carbon reduction benefit and recovery time available and the benefit-cost ratio jointly accounted for 87.4% of the variation of infrastructure durability indices. This categorization reveals intrinsic self-healing hydrogels to possess the most well-rounded performance profile along tech-environment-economic axes rendering them stro
Area: Department of Civil Engineering
Author: Jyotibala Dewada¹, Prof. Sachin Sironiya²
DOI: MJAP/05/1501