| Abstract: |
Composite multiferroics represent a paradigm shift in functional materials research, combining multiple ferroic orders ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and ferroelasticity within a single material system to enable unprecedented magnetoelectric coupling effects. This comprehensive review examines the synthesis methodologies, characterization techniques, and fundamental properties of composite multiferroic materials through systematic meta-analysis of recent advancements in the field. The study critically evaluates various synthesis routes including solid-state reactions, sol-gel methods, chemical vapor deposition, and advanced thin-film fabrication techniques, correlating processing parameters with resultant material properties. Detailed characterization approaches encompassing structural, magnetic, electric, and magnetoelectric coupling measurements are systematically reviewed. The investigation reveals that composite multiferroics offer superior magnetoelectric coefficients compared to single-phase systems, with values reaching 10-1000 mV/cm•Oe depending on composition and microstructure. Critical analysis identifies key challenges including interface quality control, strain engineering, and phase purity optimization that significantly influence device performance. The review synthesizes emerging trends in nanostructured composites, core-shell architectures, and vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films, demonstrating their potential for next-generation spintronic devices, magnetic field sensors, energy harvesting systems, and multistate memory applications. This work provides researchers with a consolidated framework for understanding structure-property relationships in composite multiferroics and identifies promising directions for future investigation. |
