| Abstract: |
Integrating renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and hydroelectric systems into modern electrical grids has changed power system topology and operational characteristics drastically. In this review paper, a meta-analysis is conducted of previous research contributions that tackles the challenges and methods towards energy transition in modern power systems focusing on grid stability; frequency regulation, voltage control and transient response. This paper summarizes and synthesizes insights gathered from more than 30 years of published research on analytical, simulation, and experimental studies. The key themes analyzed are the stochasticity of renewable generation, the function of energy storage systems (ESS) to offset intermittence, advanced control strategies (e.g., droop control and model predictive control), and inertia reduction for high renewable penetration. Although various technological breakthroughs have been made on grid-connected inverter design, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), and architectures for smart grids, the meta-analysis results indicate that sizeable gaps in scalable real-time optimization solutions, networked control & largely distributed optimization techniques to coordinate cross-border grids and frameworks for cyber-resilient control will need further research. The paper concludes with key directions for research that will be needed to develop power systems that are reliable, resilient, and carbon neutral by 2050. |
